Agra, the land of the Mughals, holds a special place in the hearts of seasoned travelers and first-time visitors alike. Nestled on the fertile banks of River Yamuna, this city drew the attention of the mighty Mughals, who made it their capital and left a legacy of stunning architecture that millions throng to see till today. The many monuments and ruins and the bustling everyday life of Agra, gives visitors a vivid glimpse in to the grandeur and history of the Mughal dynasty. Though best known for the Taj Mahal, Agra is home to many other stunning structures like the majestic Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri and Sikandra, many of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
History
Agra is a medieval city, whose most glorious chapter was possible scripted during the Mughal rule. But the Mughals were not the first to make this city their capital. Settled on the banks of the River Yamuna, close to the western edge of India’s great northern plains, Agra was founded in 1504 by Sultan Sikandar Lodi. The control of Agra remained with the Lodis till 1526, when Ibrahim Lodi fell to Babur in the First Battle of Panipat.
In 1556, Hemu Vikramaditya also known as Hem Chander Vikramaditya won Agra by defeating the prime minister and army chief Adil Shah. In fact, folk lore says Adil Shah was so scared of facing Vikramaditya that he abandoned the city without a fight, who went on to win Delhi and re-establish a Hindu kingdom in the north.
The golden age of Agra’s history started with the return of the Mughals. Known as Akbarabad, it was the capital during the reigns of emperors Akbar, Jehangir, and Shah Jahan.
Getting Around
Auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws are easily available from almost all parts of the city. Horse carts or tongas are also available. It is advisable to take the pre-paid auto rickshaws or negotiate and agree the fares with the drivers in advance. Air-conditioned cars can also be hired from travel agencies for full- or half-day sightseeing.
One can also take the public buses run by the state transport corporation. These buses ply on several routes and cover most tourist attractions.
Local Custom
While at Agra, tourists are expected to respect the local customs that include dress restrictions. While visiting Taj Mahal and other religious shrines, visitors are expected to wear clothing that covers their upper arms and legs – this is especially applicable for women. Footwear is to be taken off outside before entering places of worship.
Shopping
As the city of the Taj Mahal, Agra is filled with memorabilia and souvenirs that try to replicate the marble and inlay work of this monument. One can easily get their own Taj Mahal and choose from a wide range of finely crafted jewelry, carpets, and leather goods as well.
One very popular shopping spot, where tourists can buy local artifacts is Shilphaat. This unique craft bazaar serves as a common platform for hundreds of artisans involved in preserving India’s rich cultural heritage and showcasing it to the world outside. Located about 750 meters away from Taj Mahal’s Eastern Gate, a visit to Shilphaat can easily be combined with the trip to see the main monument itself.